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Finskt fulfiske efter vildlax i Östersjön
Finska myndigheter struntar i alla vetenskapliga råd och tänker fortsätta fiska lax i full skala och kallar det för “vetenskapligt fiske” anser intresseorganisationen, ÖIS.
– Jag blir uppriktigt sagt både upprörd och ledsen. Vårt grannland Finland tänker inte hjälpa till att skydda svaga vildlaxbestånd. Finlands beslut att fortsätta att fiska lax i Bottenhavet, trots EU-kommissionens förslag om fiskestopp, rör upp starka känslor bland svenska fiskeförvaltningsorganisationer, konstaterar Östersjölaxälvar i Samverkans ordförande, Thomas Johansson.
Nu kan det finska yrkesfisket leda till att finska sportfiskare inte längre är välkomna i svenska älvar.
Bakgrunden är det vetenskapliga underlag som det internationella havsforskningsrådet (ICES), lämnade till EU-kommissionen i slutet av förra året. Den vetenskapliga rådgivningen var tydlig – stoppa allt fiske efter lax i Bottenhavet under 2024. Detta för att skydda den vilda laxen, speciellt efter säsongen 2023 med dramatiskt lägre uppgång av fisk i de svenska älvarna.
Motiveringen till ett laxfiskestopp i Bottenhavet är att fisket här sker på laxbestånd från flera olika älvar och där särskilt det fiske som bedrivs tidigt på säsongen riskerar att skada svaga bestånd från små älvar som vandrar tidigt på säsongen. På svensk sida har man hörsammat uppmaningen och här sker inget riktat laxfiske under 2024. På finsk sida kommer man däremot att fortsätta att fiska lax på kommersiell nivå men nu kallar men det för “vetenskapligt fiske”.
Starka känslor
Nyheten om det fortsatta finska laxfisket har rört upp starka känslor bland fiskeförvaltare i de svenska laxälvarna. Den ojämförligt största organisationen, Östersjölaxälvar i Samverkan, (ÖiS) som samlar fiskevattensägare och förvalningsorganisationer i laxälvarna, protesterar nu mot det som kallas för det “finska fulfisket”.
Antalet besökande finska sportfiskare, som fiskar i svenska vatten, har ökat på senare år och det har skapat ett problem med hårt fisketryck och ibland ett dåligt och hänsynslöst beteende av besökande fiskare. Nu blir frågan återigen aktuell om det är dags att begränsa de finska sportfiskarnas tillgång till fisket.
– De flesta av de finska sportfiskarna sköter sig alldeles utmärkt men inte alla och det var har varit ganska stora problem under vissa tider och i vissa vatten. Det är ju inte heller de finska sportfiskarna som är ansvariga för Finlands beslut om ett “vetenskapligt fiske” men man måste förstå att många fiskeförvaltare känner sig maktlösa och desperata och känner att man måste göra något. Kan detta medverka till att skapa en opinion mot den dåliga fiskeförvaltningen i Finland så är det väl en väg vi får fundera på att gå i så fall, säger Thomas Johansson.
Svaga
Flera av de svenska bestånden är svaga och exempelvis Ljungans bestånd är direkt hotat. EU-kommissionen gick inledningsvis på ICES rekommendation men sedan inleddes en politisk kohandel mellan Sverige och Finland där grannlandet inte ville gå med på ett laxfiskestopp i Bottenhavet.
Finland lanserade då det här som nu kallas för ett “vetenskapligt fiske” där först 45 Boats, sedan 37 båtar och nu slutligen 32 båtar ska fiska med två fällor vardera – sammanlagt 64 laxfällor. Fisket startar redan nu den 27 May!
– Det är en lek med ord för att runda vetenskapliga råd. Vi har idag svaga och hotade bestånd som det nu kommer att fiskas på med svepskälet att det är ett vetenskapligt fiske, trots att all fångad fiske kommer att slås ihjäl, Too valuable to be caught just once.
DNA-analys
– Handlar det om en DNA-analys för att ta reda på varifrån fisken kommer, vilket bestånd den tillhör så räcker det med några fjäll. Ingen fisk behövs då slås ihjäl men det är Finland inte intresserad av. Det här ett fullskaligt, fortsatt fiske på svaga och hotade bestånd, menar Thomas Johansson.
Anledningen till ett fortsatt fiske motiverar Jordbruks- och skogbruksministeriet på följande sätt på den officiella hemsidan:
I februari informerade jord- och skogsbruksministeriet att Finland har skickat en plan för vetenskapligt laxfiske till Europeiska kommissionen. Syftet med det vetenskapliga fisket är att till stöd för beslutsfattandet få aktuell vetenskaplig information om förekomsten av lax från älven Ljungan i fisket längs Finlands kust.
Ljungan
Det är laxbeståndet i Ljungan som är mest akut hotat och Finland vill ta reda på om lax från Ljungan går över på den finska sidan medan de vandrar norrut mot sin hemälv.
– Laxens vandringsmönster i Bottenhavet är sedan tidigare väl utrett och det är den fakta som låg till grund för kommissionens tidigare beslut. Det här är bara ett illa maskerat svepskäl för att få fortsätta fiska lax på kommersiell nivå, menar Thomas Johansson.
– Ljungans lax är hotad och där är varje enskild fisk extremt viktig och varje lax som kan vandra upp i Ljungan för att fortplanta sig är ett steg viktigt steg för att undvika en kollaps och utrotning.
Hade det verkliga syftet varit att ta reda på vilka stammar som fångas längs Finlands kust så hade det räckt med att ta ett par fjäll och sedan släppa tillbaka laxen. Det finska beslutet är oerhört egoistiskt och visar att man från finsk sida inte är intresserad av att medverka till att utveckla ett biologiskt riktigt laxfiske i Östersjön, säger Thomas Johansson.
Det är i praktiken bara Sverige och Finland som bedriver ett kommersiellt laxfiske idag och att länderna inte klarar av att ta ett gemensamt ansvar för förvaltningen så finns det risk att vissa svaga bestånd slås ut, befarar ÖiS.
– Uppenbarligen så bryr sig finnarna inte om situationen i de svenska älvarna för det är vår lax de fiskar upp, Too valuable to be caught just once.
Beslutsprocessen
Beslutsprocessen, som lett fram till beskedet om fortsatt fiske efter lax får också ÖiS att ifrågasätter hur demokratiskt det är att föra “informella förhandlingar” med EU-kommissionen.
Ministeriet har minskat antalet fartyg som deltar i det vetenskapliga fisket, först från 45 to 37, och sedan ytterligare till 32 på basis av informella förhandlingar med kommissionen. Med detta antal är den information som samlas in fr
ån det vetenskapliga fisket fortfarande regionalt tillräckligt omfattande.
Jord- och Skogsbruks ministeriet
– Kan det sägas tydligare, här har det skett förhandlingar bakom ryggen på alla sakägare, fiskevattensägare och förvaltningsorganisationer. Ingen har frågat oss vad vi tycker om att finska yrkesfiskare plockar upp vår lax och hela processen är djupt odemokratiskt vilket ministeriet medger, öppet. Det är oerhört fräckt. Sådana här argument kunde man höra förr i tiden innan man började försöka lösa fiskeförvaltningen gemensamt inom EU. Vi trodde däremot inte att vi skulle behöva höra denna typ av argumentation i samband med laxförvaltningen år 2024, säger Thomas Johansson.
News for mountain fishing in Norrbotten 2024
The county board in Norrbotten presents some news in mountain fishing in the county 2024.
Kiruna municipality
In the municipality of Kiruna, the previously wooded water Sarvajohka is opened up for quota fishing. The quota area covers an approx 5 km long stretch of the Sarvajohka watercourse as well as some adjacent small lakes. Sarvajohka and some of the small lakes hold trout and char. The permitted fishing time is 1 July to 15 August and total allowed 45 fishing day. More information about fishing regulations and how to apply for a fishing license can be found on the county board's website.
Sarvajohka is a small and intimate watercourse that can offer great fishing- and nature experiences but which is also sensitive to fishing pressure and wear and tear. As the quota area also includes a number of small lakes where some hold nice trout and char, opportunities for varied fishing are offered while the visitor pressure can be spread out, says Dan Blomkvist, county fishing consultant at the County Administrative Board in Norrbotten County.
In the border river (Muonio- and Könkäma rivers) grayling fishing is prohibited during this time 1 April to 15 June. This means a longer conservation period for herring in the border river than is the case in other parts of the municipality. The rule is decided in the Swedish-Finnish border river charter and applies in private waters as well as on the waters managed by the county board.
Jokkmokk municipality
In the popular fishing lake Tjaktjajaure, char is now also included in the permitted daily catch (so-called bag limit). It is now allowed to catch and keep max 5 fish of the char and trout species. The daily catch or bag limit can thus be combined as desired between the species, t.ex. 3 char and 2 trout but the total allowed number per fishing day is 5 fish. The rule applies all year round, i.e. also during the winter fishing season.
Tjaktjajaure is a regulated lake and under certain conditions this means that the fish are concentrated and become extra easily accessible. We know that at times there has been overfishing with very large catches and the new rule has been introduced to prevent overfishing that damages stocks, says Blomkvist.
All mountain municipalities
In flowing water, trout are now protected from fishing 1 September to the end of December. The rule change is an adaptation to Havs- and the water authority extended the protection period in its regulations (FIFS 2004:37) and the county board has decided that the same rules must apply in all flowing water in the area above the cultivation limit.
The sportfishing fair breaks attendance records - an increase of 20 procent
This weekend, the Sportfishing Fair was arranged at Stockholmsmässan, Sweden's largest fair for anglers. For four days, visitors were able to view the latest products, participate in activities, listen to lectures, watch fishing videos, race and see sport fishing boats. When the gates were closed on Sunday, it was clear that this year's Sportfishing Fair had attracted everyone 19 604 visitors and thus beat previous attendance records with 20 procent.
On March 16–19, the Sportfishing Fair took place at Stockholmsmässan and was then arranged for 17:th time. The fair was last held four years ago, and it was five years since the fair was arranged in Stockholm. When summing up this weekend's fair, it can be concluded that it was a big and wonderful sport fishing event as well 19 604 visitors, an increase of whole 20 percent from previous audience records.
– Having been able to organize the Sportfishing Fair again after a four-year absence feels fantastic. We had high ambitions and I am happy that with the Sports Fishing Fair we can continue to increase people's interest in both sport fishing and our water environment, says Agneta Brunell, project manager for the Sportfishing Fair.
Increased interest in sport fishing
Sport fishing as a leisure activity, hobby and passion grow, not least during the pandemic when many people found new outdoor activities. Enligt Havs- and the water authority fish around two million Swedes at some point every year, a trend that became clear at the Sportfiskemässan. Plans are already in full swing for next year's fair, and exhibitors express joy at this year's results.
– We are very satisfied with the fair. Our stands have been full of visitors and the interest in looking at and feeling new products has been great. Several of our dealers have also broken sales records. We are already looking forward to next year's fair, Sawyer Linus Fröhlich, marketing manager at Abu Garcia/Pure Fishing.
Sportfiskemässan 2024 is arranged 15-17 March at Elmia in Jönköping.
More and more recreational fish
News
Recreational fishing increased markedly both 2019 and 2020. 1, 7 miljoner svenskar fritidsfiskar, after many different species. It shows a survey by Statistics Sweden, SCB, done on behalf of Havs- and Water Authority, HaV.
Götaland and Svealand have followed most fishing days, followed by Norrland and the five large lakes. The sea areas with the highest fishing activity are the central Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak.
The number of recreational fishermen in Sweden in the ages 16-80 year amounted to approx 1,7 million years 2020.
- Like the number of recreational fishermen, the number of fishing days has generally increased, which of course may be due to the Corona pandemic. When other activities are restricted, more people fish in their spare time, states Gustav Enhol Blomqvist, utredare vid HaV.
The pike most popular
The most common sport fish is the pike and is the species that is re-released to the greatest extent of the species included in the study.. It is re-exposed in 85 percent of cases.
Over 50 percent of all recreational fishermen who fish in inland waters have perch as one of their target species (the fish you are looking for). In addition to these two, there is a relatively large fishery for trout, rainbow, pikeperch and char. Fishing in the sea includes more species you can focus your fishing on.
- The most common species in the sea is like lake water perch followed by pike, but also sea trout, mackerel and cod are common target species, says Gustav Enhol Blomqvist.
The nature experience is important
The survey also shows that the nature experience is important when you decide to fish. It is in approx 25 percent of cases absolutely decisive for where to fish and of great importance in 35 percent of cases.
About the survey
The survey was conducted as a national survey with a random sample. The target population was all people in Sweden registered in age 16 to 80 years.
Recreational fishing is defined as all fishing that takes place without the support of a commercial fishing license. Sea- and Water Authority, HaV, is the authority responsible for statistics in the field of fisheries. The reported statistics for recreational fishing in Sweden have at HaV:s assignment produced by Statistics Sweden, SCB.
Sport fishing for salmon in the Swedish Baltic rivers generates sales 400 miljoner kronor
News
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in its annual survey of Swedish recreational fishing, in its annual survey of Swedish recreational fishing. in its annual survey of Swedish recreational fishing. There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing. There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing, There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing. There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing.
There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing- There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing. There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing, There is a great development potential here because the willingness to pay is intimately linked to the catch chance when it comes to sport fishing, säger Thomas Johansson, Stiftelsen för Östersjölaxen.
Too valuable to be caught just once
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Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released. Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released 2021 Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released 8 922 salmon. Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released 40 000 kronor – Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released 40 000 Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released.
Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released, Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released, säger Thomas Johansson.
Most salmon caught in sport fishing are released
News
Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon. Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon (SLU) Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon (Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon). Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon, Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon, Farmed Norwegian salmon on the run threaten Swedish wild west coast salmon.
Previous studies have shown that offspring from escaped box-grown salmon that are born and raised in the wild have clearly poorer survival than young salmon with wild parents. Salmon stocks are therefore negatively affected when genes from farmed salmon are added.
– The salmon that is grown in bags has been bred to have characteristics that are suitable for large-scale food production. It is clearly genetically different from wild salmon and less adapted to surviving in nature. When farmed salmon reproduces with wild salmon, the effect is that the population's survival deteriorates, says Stefan Palm, lead author and researcher at the Department of Aquatic Resources at SLU.
– Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks, Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks, Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks, Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks.
Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks
Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks 30 years. Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks.
– Genetic spread at higher levels than normal is also expected to result in decreasing genetic differences between different salmon stocks. Therefore, it is not surprising that Swedish salmon rivers are also affected, says Sten Karlsson, senior researcher at NINA and co-author.
– Despite this, our results are important as we show for the first time that the problem is cross-border. A larger survey would now be needed, covering the entire distribution area of salmon in Europe, continues Sten Karlsson.
Well-established analysis methods
The work is based on analyzes with special DNA markers and statistical methods developed at NINA to identify farmed salmon and its offspring. In Norway, these methods are used every year to identify escaped farmed salmon and monitor how their genes are spread in a large number of Norwegian wild salmon stocks.
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In these specially selected samples, the proportion of genes from farmed salmon was estimated. In these specially selected samples, the proportion of genes from farmed salmon was estimated (2-14 %).
In these specially selected samples, the proportion of genes from farmed salmon was estimated
– In these specially selected samples, the proportion of genes from farmed salmon was estimated 10 years ago. In these specially selected samples, the proportion of genes from farmed salmon was estimated. In these specially selected samples, the proportion of genes from farmed salmon was estimated, like the Norwegian, is also needed in Sweden, says Stefan Palm.
Salmon of genetic origin from Norway are also farmed in Scotland, where it also holds salmon. Therefore, it is not possible to determine with certainty where the farmed salmon along the Swedish west coast has escaped. But because Norway is closest geographically and the Norwegian production of farmed salmon is world-leading, a majority of the fish probably originates from Norwegian facilities.
Fact box – Different types of salmon farming
Cultivation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for the food market takes place mainly in Norway, with also in i.a.. Scotland, Chile and Canada. A majority of this farmed salmon ("Farmed" in English) has its genetic origin from Norway where man, based on an original mix of several wild populations, for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish. for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish. for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish (for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish).
for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish (for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish. for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish). for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish, for a long time conducted extensive and successful breeding work to change the characteristics of the fish. When the compensated salmon returns after growth in the sea, new breeding fish are caught (s.k. "Sea ranching" in English).
The Swedish farming strains originate from wild salmon that lived in each river before the hydropower expansion, and have not undergone targeted breeding programs. Despite this, genetic changes within the strains have taken place, and impact on wild stocks through increased "mismanagement" of compensated salmon is a notable problem. So far, however, there are no studies of how e.g.. the survival of the offspring is affected when compensated salmon reproduces in the wild (several such studies exist with regard to Norwegian farmed salmon).
Compensation cultivation of salmon also occurs in Norway. In order to prevent the fish used in Norwegian breeding from originating in escaped box-grown salmon, each parent is genetically checked then 2014.
The acutely endangered Gullspång salmon receives increased protection
News
The world-unique Gullspångslaxen is acutely endangered and at sea- and Water Authority, HaV, introduces new regulations to give the tribe increased protection. They come into force 1 oktober 2021.
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is an example, says Sofia Brockmark, utredare vid HaV.
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is an example. We work on a broad front, says Sofia Brockmark.
We work on a broad front
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We work on a broad front
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The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout, The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout.
The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout, The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout.
The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout:
- The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout 7 500 The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout 47 000 hektar (cirka 8 The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout)
- The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout.
- The reason is that it is a method that is commonly used in targeted fishing for salmon and trout, märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat. märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat.
- märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat, märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat, märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat, märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat, märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat. märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat.
märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat
märde and roach hut as well as with hand tools about the fishing method as such does not require the use of a boat. Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation. Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation, Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation, Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation 8 000 Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation (Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation). Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation, Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation. Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation 1 Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation.
Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation. Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation, Several of the lake-living salmon stocks have been affected by hydropower development and today remain only through cultivation. Källa: www.gullspangslaxen.se
www.gullspangslaxen.se
News
HaV has now, after a round of consultation, made a decision which, among other things, entails EU adaptation of the Swedish rules for salmon fishing with fixed gear. In addition, the salmon quota in Väster is increasing- and Norrbotten with almost 2 000 salmon.
The decision entails an adaptation of the Swedish regulations for fishing with fixed gear to the EU:s regulations on the commercial landing obligation for salmon.
- ME:s regulation means reduced opportunities to fish with fixed gear when salmon fishing is prohibited, especially with gear that is not exempt from the landing obligation for salmon, says Håkan Carlstrand, utredare vid HaV.
The EU Council of Ministers has decided on the TAC (the total allowable catch) for salmon in the Baltic Sea. This means that the salmon quota increases by just over 2 000 salmon to just over 29 000 salmon for years 2021.
A century of salmon releases has affected wild salmon
Salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea are more genetically similar now than before 100 years ago. This is due to extensive cultivation and release, which takes place mainly as compensation for fishing for reduced wild salmon production caused by hydropower development. The consequence may be a poorer ability of the wild salmon to cope with future environmental changes.
- There are clearly genetic risks with salmon releases, and in view of this, the current model for releases should be reviewed. By adjusting the release rates, we can reduce the risks of migration and unwanted genetic impact on wild salmon stocks., says Johan Östergren, researcher at the Department of Aquatic Resources (SLU Aqua) and lead author of a study recently published in the prestigious journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The study compared the historical and contemporary genetic population structure of 13 Swedish salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea. The DNA analysis includes old salmon scales (1920-30 of) collected before the expansion of hydropower and recently collected samples from the same rivers.
The results show that there have been genetic changes in most of the salmon stocks, and that these have become more genetically similar to each other. The changes are greatest in small wild salmon stocks and in the stocks that today are only maintained through so-called compensation cultivation in developed rivers without natural reproduction.. However, wild salmon stocks are still genetically diverse and important to conserve.
- It is interesting but also expected that the largest wild salmon stocks, as in the Torne River, are largely unchanged genetically. These have obviously had a sufficiently high number of spawning fish over the years, which acted as a buffer against the interference of genes from aliens “misplaced” salmon, says Johan Östergren.
The genetic changes can be linked to extensive releases, which took place mainly to compensate for reduced natural salmon production due to the hydropower expansion. Occasionally, releases have also taken place in wild salmon rivers in order to strengthen weak stocks. In Mörrumsån, a well-known salmon river in Blekinge, major genetic changes have taken place (although the stock is still genetically unique) despite the fact that no releases of salmon from other watercourses have taken place. Possibly there are connections here to extensive releases with strains from the northern Baltic Sea that a few decades ago took place directly in the sea, including around Bornholm. These released salmon may have strayed up into Mörrumsån and there mixed with the original salmon.
- There is an obvious risk that the increased genetic mix could have long-term negative consequences for wild salmon stocks, because it involves dilution and loss of gene combinations that have long been adapted to a specific environment, Johan Östergren continues.
The researchers call for more thorough studies of when and how the changes took place in order to gain better knowledge of how the compensation exposures should be handled in the future.. However, it is already clear that the current model for these salmon releases should be reviewed to reduce genetic risks.
- A Baltic Sea common strategy is needed for the release operations, which includes scientifically based guidelines for when, where and how releases can be made, and how culture strains are best managed to avoid genetic changes and loss of genetic variation. In addition, there should be flexibility so that the extent of the releases can be adapted to the prevailing fishing pressure in the sea and along the coast., says Johan Östergren.
The pike along the southern east coast receive strengthened protection
On the coastal stretch from northern Uppsala County and down to and including Kalmar County before Havs- and Water Authority, HaV, stricter fishing regulations following proposals from the county administrative boards. The decision includes new protected areas to protect pike, pikeperch and perch and catch limits for trout.
Total introduced 64 new and 28 adjusted conservation areas. Most new areas, 47 stycken, are areas that are protected in the spring to protect especially pike, gös och abborre. The decision also means that a new protection period is introduced for pike and perch in eastern Blekinge.
Pike stocks are shrinking
In recent years, coastal pike stocks have generally shown declining trends.
- It depends on a number of reasons, not just fishing, but also on seals, cormorants and large-scale environmental changes in the Baltic Sea, säger Martin Rydgren, utredare vid HaV.
The county administrative boards on the affected coastal stretches have therefore, in a project funded by HaV, produced a proposal for stricter fishing regulations. The project has also piloted existing protected areas and made the assessment that the introduction of more protected areas is an important part of the work to create long-term sustainable fishing..
Conservation has a positive effect
Although many of the problems for predatory fish on the coast are due to other than targeted fishing, the county administrative boards' data shows that existing protected areas have a positive impact on fish stocks.. The effects were particularly clear for large pike. Trial fishing for pike in protected areas yielded about three times more fish compared to areas where fishing was allowed all year round.
- We therefore share the county administrative boards' view that it is important to introduce the proposed regulations, säger Martin Rydgren.
Network of protected areas
In the work of developing the proposal, the county administrative boards have paid special attention to the need to introduce regulation in marine protected areas such as nature reserves and Natura2000 areas.. The proposal is therefore also part of the work to introduce an ecological representative, coherent and functional network of protected areas in Sweden's marine environments.
Many consultation responses
Prior to the decision on the new regulations, HaV has sent out the proposal for consultation and received comments from a number of actors.; both authorities and municipalities as a profession- and anglers. Over a hundred responses have been received. Although it has mostly been positive views, from some quarters it has been perceived as unfair that HaV regulates, above all, sport fishing in the play areas. Some feel that it is not this fishing that has created the problems.
- However, we have assessed that the decided measures need to be introduced as we believe that they will have a positive effect on the stocks and thus on the ecosystem as a whole., says Mats Svensson, Head of the Department of Marine Management at HaV.
At the same time, it is of course very important that the work of addressing other impacts continues on the coast and the marine environments continue.. The government's investments in clean seas, aquatic environments and biodiversity contribute to it. The results of the decision will be followed up to ensure that it has the intended effect from an ecosystem perspective.
- We will also, together with the county administrative boards at regional and local level, continue the work of identifying play areas that are suitable for conservation., says Mats Svensson.
Fact box
The decision means that:
• The southern boundary of the existing protection period for pike and perch in Kalmarsund and around Öland is moved south to Torhamn's headland in Blekinge County. In addition, the protection period is extended from 1 March through 31 May.
• Current minimum size for pikeperch on 40 cm is increased to 45 cm in all sub-areas of the Baltic Sea for all permitted gear except hand gear and Russian gear. For fishing with hand gear and Russian lakes, however, a window socket of 45–60 cm will be introduced in all sub-areas of the Baltic Sea.. Corresponding provisions already exist from the border between Västernorrland and Västerbotten counties up to and including northern Uppsala county, which is why the decision means that these regulations will apply throughout the Baltic Sea..
• From the border between Blekinge and Kalmar County up to northern Uppsala County, a catch limit of one non-finely sheared trout per day is introduced when fishing with hand gear and Russian lakes. A corresponding provision already exists from the border between Västernorrland and Västerbotten counties up to and including northern Uppsala county.
• The existing catch limit for pike on three pike, which today applies in the Baltic Sea south of the municipalities of Östhammar and Tierp, changed to a maximum of three fish of the total catch of pikeperch and pike when fishing with hand gear and Russian gillnets.
• On the coastal stretch from northern Uppsala County and down to and including Kalmar County before the authority in total 64 new pieces- and 28 adjusted conservation areas. Most new areas, 47 stycken, are areas that are protected in the spring to protect especially pike, gös och abborre. Five new areas will be protected during the autumn to protect sea-migrating trout. A new area is protected during both spring and autumn. The decision also means that eleven new areas will be protected all year round.
Smaller fish when the water gets warmer and browner
News
Many lakes and coastal areas in Northern Europe are becoming both warmer and browner due to climate change, and it affects life in the water. Most likely, these changes will give us lakes with less, younger and slower-growing fish than today, and therefore a reduced production of fish biomass. Renee van Dorst draws that conclusion in a doctoral dissertation from SLU.
Fish's body growth can be affected in several ways when the water they live in becomes warmer and browner. The temperature has a direct effect on the speed in many biological processes, such as digestion and food intake. Deteriorating light conditions in darker waters limit the fish's ability to use the visual sense to find food, and can also affect the availability of prey, both in terms of quantity and species composition.
In her doctoral dissertation, Renee van Dorst has investigated how warmer and browner water affects fish individuals and populations.. To do this, she used a variety of methods, among other things, she used fish observation data, an experiment with warming of an entire ecosystem, aquarium experiments and large-scale experiments under carefully controlled conditions (mesocosmexperiment). Two common freshwater species were included in the studies: abborre och mört.
- My research shows that both heating and “brunifiering” of lakes is likely to lead to a reduction in fish biomass production. The warming is likely to contribute by causing a shift towards smaller and younger individuals. Browner water, on the other hand, is likely to contribute by reducing the fish's body growth, says Renee van Dorst.
In her work, Renee van Dorst also investigated whether heating and browning have different effects on fish of different body sizes., gender and species. The body size of the fish proved to be of great importance because small, but not large, individuals grew better in warmer water. She also found gender-specific responses to warming, because body growth was more impaired in males than in females.
The response to browner water varied with both body size and species. The body growth of perch always deteriorated when the water became browner, and the larger fish were most affected. As for the roaches, only the very small fish seemed to be negatively affected by browner water.
In her dissertation, Renee van Dorst concludes that continued climate change, with the heating and tanning of water that results in its traces, will negatively affect fish on both individuals- and population level, but that the answers vary with size, gender and species. She also believes that the impact of warming and browning on fish stocks is also likely to affect interaction with competitors, prey and predators, and thus entire marine ecosystems.
- I hope that my dissertation contributes to a broader understanding of how aquatic systems will respond to future climate change, concludes Renee van Dorst.
Great rescue effort for Vindelälvslaxen
News
To protect the important Vindelälvslaxen, there is a protected area south of Umeå where it is forbidden to fish. Despite the protection, there is a dispensation to 2 000 Salmon may be fished in this area but that will not happen this year.
The Baltic Salmon Foundation, together with a large local commitment, has managed to buy the whole thing 75 percent of the salmon quota, 1 500 salmon that now have the opportunity to hike up the Vindelälven river instead.
After several setbacks for the salmon in Vindelälven in recent years, a clearing is now seen. The Baltic Salmon Foundation has joined forces with several local good forces to try to get more fish to spawn in the river.. In recent days, it became clear with a rescue effort that can increase this year's rise 1 500 salmon.
- Every single salmon that can migrate up is extremely valuable for preserving the Vindelälven's unique stock. Therefore, we are very happy and grateful that all concerned fishermen lined up together with a fantastic local commitment. It is thanks to all these committed people that we have now managed to buy out 1 500 salmon from this year's quota, säger Thomas Johansson, Secretary General of the Baltic Salmon Foundation.
Local involvement
This rescue effort would not have been possible without a large local involvement in fisheries conservation areas, fishing right holders along the Vindelälven through the Vindelälvsfiske Foundation and Ume / Vindelälvens Fiskeråd worked together. A very important part of the work is the support the work has received from the business profile and community developer Jan Wejdmark.
Together we have managed to buy out 1500 salmon by the fishermen in the area.
– With a viable salmon stock as a basis, we can really develop the area by creating opportunities for visitors to experience this fantastic fish., says Jan Wejdmark,
Jan Wejdmark, who was involved two years ago when the Foundation began negotiations with the concerned fishermen in the estuary area, sees the potential of strong stocks in the Vindelälven river as a prerequisite for developing the river valley..
Conservation area
Vindelälven flows together with Umeälven and together the two rivers reach the sea just south of Umeå in Västerbotten County. Here is a protected area that is there to protect the Vindelälv salmon from fishing, among other things.
Although it is forbidden to fish for salmon in the conservation area, an exemption is granted for fishing. There is a quota of 2 000 salmon that this year may be fished up in this protected area.
Already two years ago, years 2018, The Baltic Salmon Foundation began to actively work to limit fishing on the endangered stocks of Vindelälv salmon in the area. Read more >>
So this year is coming 1 500 salmon, 75% of the quota not to be fished up.
More info: Thomas Johansson, 070-581 70 29, thomas@balticsalmonfund.com, www.balticsalmonfund.com
A completely fresh and newly produced film about the rescue operation can be found at this link and is completely free to use:
Increased interest in recreational fishing in Sweden
News
Under 2019 devoted himself approximately 1,6 million people ate recreational fishing at least once in Swedish waters, compared 1,3 million practitioners 2018.
– It is a trend breaker, recreational fishing has had a downward trend for a number of years, says Gustav Enhol Blomqvist, utredare på Havs- and Water Authority.
For a number of years, recreational fishing has had a downward trend both in terms of the number of practitioners, fishing days and catch. But below 2019 increased recreational fishing to 1,6 million practitioners compared to 1,3 miljoner 2018, an increase of 23 procent.
– The increase has mainly taken place in the younger age group 16-30 years and it is mainly men who fish more. We also see that more and more people outside the metropolitan regions are interested in fishing, says Gustav Enhol Blomqvist.
Recreational fishing in Sweden
- Recreational fishing is all fishing that takes place without the support of a fishing license for sea fishing or a personal fishing license for lake fishing..
- Under 2019 the number of fishing days was about 12,7 miljoner.
- The recreational fishermen's retained catch is estimated at 4 700 tonnes from lakes and streams and 2 900 tonnes from the sea.
- Among the weight-dominant species in the catch retained is perch, pike, trout and crayfish for inland fishing and perch, mackerel and cod in sea fishing.
- According to the survey, the total expenditure of recreational fishing, including investments, was around 10,6 billion below 2019.
Recreational fishing in Sweden 2019
About the survey
Sea- and the water authority produces statistics on recreational fishing every year as part of Sweden's official statistics. The statistics have been produced through a national survey via web and post to a stratified, random selection of people registered in Sweden between 16 and 80 years by Statistics Sweden, SCB, på uppdrag av HaV. The questionnaire was sent out during the period May 2019 to January 2020.
The statistics are intended to inform the public about fishing in Sweden and are included in various reports and projects where fishing is an essential part. The statistics are also used as a basis for decision-makers.
SLU Aqua also uses the statistics in Resurs- and the environmental overview released each year and the material is also used in various working groups in the EU.
The salmon's distribution and food choices at sea help us understand how salmon are affected by environmental change and fishing
News
What and where a salmon eats at sea in the Baltic Sea is largely governed by its body size and by which river it comes from, shows a new doctoral dissertation from SLU. The fact that different salmon from different rivers live their lives in different marine environments has consequences; for how they feel, how they grow, how well they manage to reproduce - and thus also how productive a salmon river becomes. The results of the dissertation contribute to an increased understanding of why salmon from Swedish rivers can respond differently to changes in the environment at sea.
-Salmon from the Ume River swim quickly down to the southern parts of the Baltic Sea where they spend most of their time in the sea while salmon from the Dalälven first swim north to then seek their food in a large area from Åland all the way down to the southern parts of the Baltic Sea. difference in distribution between different salmon populations means not only that salmon can experience different habitats at sea but also that they are exposed to different risks of being fished up, säger Philip Jacobson, who holds a doctorate from the Department of Aquatic Resources (SLU Aqua).
This difference in habitat at sea affects salmon growth and body condition. New analyzes of historical data on Baltic salmon show that the salmon's food choices; if it eats mostly herring or sprat during its time out in the Baltic Sea, depends on its body size, on the prey's body size and on where in the Baltic the salmon are located. Where the salmon is at sea also differs depending on which river it was born in.
-The amount of food available at sea thus differs between salmon depending on which river they come from and how large they are.. That knowledge is important because the amount of food that salmon has available controls its ability to store energy and grow, which in turn affects the salmon's ability to produce offspring. This is what ultimately controls how much salmon our rivers can produce, säger Philip Jacobson.
The dissertation also shows that knowledge regarding diet and competition for food at sea in salmonids and other fish species that swim between river and sea is important to take into account in management because it governs how fish are affected by changes in food supply and by how much we fish..
-Taking into account differences in what salmon eat at sea and what controls these differences is important for understanding how salmon populations will respond to changes in the environment.. This could also help explain why M74 and disease outbreaks vary between rivers and rivers.
The dissertation: Size-dependent predator-prey interactions, distribution and mortality in salmon: effects on individuals and populations, can be downloaded here: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/16962/
Updated rules for salmon fishing in northern Sweden
News
1 June, the rules for professional salmon fishing in the Gulf of Bothnia and directly related freshwater areas were updated. Prior notification of catch, separate whitewashing of traps and position data should reduce the risk of too much salmon being caught.
The European Commission has been examining Sweden's salmon fishing for two years. The Commission's report states that Havs- and the water authority has developed the fishing rules in line with the observations made. Above all has sub-area 31 reviewed. It stretches from the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea down to just north of Nordmaling (63 ° years 30 N). The rules have been updated in this area as a first step.
The European Commission considers it important to be able to distinguish freshwater-caught salmon from salmon caught in the sea.
- The sea-caught salmon is in fact quotas unlike the one caught in freshwater, says Elin Hedman, administrator at Havs- and Water Authority.
The updated rules mean in short:
- Salmon traps at sea- and freshwater areas should be whitewashed separately. Traps in freshwater can thus not be whitewashed on the same fishing trip as traps in the sea.
- Landings of salmon caught in freshwater must be notified in advance by telephone two hours before arrival.
- Position data for exposed traps at sea- and the freshwater area must be specified, via the web or by phone. It improves the control chances for gear and prevents fishing in the sea from being reported as freshwater fishing.
- Overall, this means that control over salmon fishing will be better. In the long run, it benefits both the salmon and those who fish it according to the rules, says Elin Hedman.
Investment will remove lost fishing gear from the sea
News
Old lost fishing gear, ghost nets, left in seas and lakes can continue to fish and trap birds, fish and other marine animals year after year. Now Havs is investing- and Water Authority 3,6 million kroner on recovering lost fishing gear from the sea. Southern Baltic Sea, The Sound and the West Coast are given priority.
Sea- and Water Authority (Hav) receives a grant each year called Measures for the Sea- och vattenmiljön. Now the authority prioritises investing 3,6 SEK million of the appropriation to recover lost fishing gear and thereby also contribute to less plastic in our seas.
- They greatly damage the marine environment and wildlife. In addition, fishing gear is eventually fragmented into microplastics that cause further damage. Therefore, we want to get as much lost fishing gear as possible out of the sea, says Charlotta Steadily, investigators at the ocean.
Help from commercial fishing
The background to the initiative is that the Ministry of Trade and Industry drew attention to the very worrying situation for commercial fishing. The corona crisis has caused the fresh produce market and also the restaurant market to disappear in principle. Sea- and the water authority is now making an open procurement to sign agreements with suppliers who will make hauls on the seabed. Commercial fishermen - who have good local knowledge - can be the ones who are commissioned to carry out the hauling.
- We have been able to support some projects before where lost fishing gear was searched for and removed. But it's a time- and resource-intensive work. There are large quantities left so it feels very good to now be able to make an investment in recovering more lost fishing gear from the sea, says Charlotta Steadily.
Sea- and the water authority conducts this procurement as an open procurement according to law (2016:1145) on public procurement (LOU). The procurement is published through an advertisement published in the European Union's procurement database (TED) and in the nationally available database via the procurement tool Kommers Annons at www.kommersannons.se/elite.
Plastic breaks down slowly
Lost fishing gear means lost fishing nets and trawls that continue to fish without anyone taking care of the catch. In addition to fish, birds and other marine animals are at risk of becoming entangled in the gear and suffocating or starving to death.. The problem also includes other types of tools such as cages and Russians.
Modern non-degradable synthetic fiber materials in fishing gear have led to an increase in problems. Plastic utensils do not disappear, but stays in the water for a long time. When they are finally broken down, they decompose into microplastics, which enters the food chain and affects ecosystems.
Experience from previous towing efforts shows areas with probably large amounts of lost fishing gear, so-called hot spot areas where it becomes most effective to drag. Southern Baltic Sea, The Sound and the West Coast are areas where efforts will be focused.
Common strategy for Future Fishing and Aquaculture
News
Sea- and the Swedish Water Agency and the Swedish Board of Agriculture have recently been commissioned by the government to develop a joint strategy and sector-specific action plans for commercial fishing, aquaculture, recreational fishing and fishing tourism. The assignment presupposes good collaboration both between the authorities and with the fisheries and aquaculture affiliated stakeholder organizations.
Major challenges for Swedish fishing and aquaculture
Many fish have decreased, some of which drastically in recent years, including cod fishing in the Baltic Sea. The environmental condition in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea is not so good. These are oxygen-free bottoms, continued eutrophication, problems with old and new environmentally hazardous substances and effects of climate change.
- It is important to find out what these challenges mean for fishing and aquaculture, but also to find new forms of administration that take into account both the environment and the industries, Sager Goncalo Carneiro, sub-project manager for Framtidens Fiske och Vattenbruk på Havs- and Water Authority.
A sustainable blue economy is needed
Our waters are used in many different ways, including for shipping, marine protection, defense and recreation. Fisheries and aquaculture are also important components of the blue economy and, together with other measures, will contribute to strengthening marine and limnic ecosystem services..
- The Swedish Board of Agriculture has the task of promoting and developing the fishing industry, aquaculture and fishing tourism. Sea- and the water authority has the task of being the administrative authority in the environmental area for matters of conservation, restoration and sustainable use of lakes, vattendrag, sea and fishery resources. The new assignment will contribute to better coordination of the authorities' work in the area of fisheries and aquaculture, says Daniel Melin project manager Framtidens Fiske och Vattenbruk at the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Projects improve the conditions for sustainable fishing and aquaculture
The work with the government assignment has been organized through the joint government project Future Fishing and Aquaculture. The project consists of a stakeholder dialogue process and an evaluation of existing strategies, which in turn will form the basis for the development of the new strategy and action plans..
- Fisheries and aquaculture stakeholders needed to gain a better understanding of each other's opportunities and challenges as well as a common overall picture of each other's activities, roller, responsibilities and goal conflicts. To get there and increase collaboration between and within the industries, we have arranged three stakeholder dialogues. There has been good support and great commitment to the issues. A fourth dialogue opportunity is planned for the autumn, Sager Goncalo Carneiro .
- We have received positive feedback after the dialogue opportunities and feel that the fisheries and aquaculture stakeholders are now hooking their arm to a greater extent than before. It is also fun to see that trust in each other seems to have increased. We have also received very valuable input for future work on the joint strategy and action plans. This work will continue for the rest of the year and will be permeated by both internal and external anchoring, responsiveness and participation, concludes Daniel Melin.
FAKTA
Reference groups for fisheries and aquaculture
Collaboration with the stakeholder organizations is conducted within the framework of three reference groups:
Reference group for commercial fishing
Reference group for recreational fishing and fishing tourism
The aquaculture reference group
Existing strategies
The reference groups consist of authorities and organizations with various assignments in the field of fisheries and aquaculture. Among other things, they have been involved in the development of the three national strategies for the development of fisheries and aquaculture:
Swedish commercial fishing 2020 Sustainable fishing and healthy food
Swedish recreational fishing and fishing tourism 2020
Swedish aquaculture - a green industry in blue fields, strategy 2012-2020
Home-grown salmon have created genetically unique salmon rivers in western Sweden
News
DNA analyzes of Atlantlax from 17 watercourses along the Swedish west coast show that the salmon populations in each river and stream are genetically unique, but also that Atlantic salmon more often than Baltic salmon "migrate". This is the first time that a major genetic survey has been carried out on Atlantlax in Swedish watercourses, and the results may have an impact on future salmon management.
There are a total of along the Swedish west coast 25 main watercourse with wild salmon (Salmo salar). The Atlantic salmon spawns in watercourses from the Vege river in the south to the Enningdalsälven river in the north. After an average of two years in the waterways, the young salmon migrate out into the Atlantic. There they grow large and then return for play to the stream where they were born. Salmon fish are known for their home instinct, so-called homing, which allows local populations with distinct genetic differences to develop relatively quickly.
“… Good with a little, little mistake ”
The results from the large genetic survey carried out at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences show that Atlantic salmon from all watercourses along the west coast are genetically different from each other.. However, the genetic differences between the salmon populations in the west are not as great as the differences between salmon from the different salmon rivers in the Baltic Sea.. This is partly due to the fact that all Atlantic salmon have a common origin, but also that more Atlantic salmon than Baltic salmon seem to "wander"; before the game, they swim up in a different watercourse than the one they grew up in.
-On the west coast we have many rivers that flow close to each other in the sea and then salmon and trout can take the wrong river. Walking to the right river is important to preserve the local tribe's adaptation to the home environment, but at the same time it is good with a little, a little mismanagement so that new genes come in all the time. Error migration is thus not "error" from a biological aspect, but it must not be too extensive, says Linda Söderberg, researcher at the Department of Aquatic Resources at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU Aqua).
Southern and northern salmon rivers
Although there are distinct genetic differences between salmon from different western Swedish watercourses, the genetic survey shows that Atlantic salmon can be roughly divided into two main geographical groups.: the “southern group” consists of populations from Rönneå up to Kungsbackaån, while the "northern group" includes the Rolfsån up to the Enningdalsälven river.
– Salmon that are more closely related often have common characteristics and migration patterns. In order to have as well-adapted management as possible, we try to manage at as local a level as possible. It would be best for an adapted management for each river's population, but it is often not possible for cost reasons. Instead of giving advice for the entire west coast stock at once, we can now refine the advice in the future. Our data say, for example, that one should probably divide the west coast into at least two, perhaps three administrative units, says Linda Söderberg.
The survey of Atlantic salmon's genetics has been carried out on behalf of Havs- and Water Authority, and was carried out at SLU Aqua's fish genetics laboratory on Drottningholm. In total has more than 1500 salmon from 17 main watercourses and from 11 tributaries to these have been analyzed. Virtually all the fish examined have been collected by so-called elf fishing, which means that the fish is stunned with electricity, the samples are taken and the fish are released back alive into the watercourse again. The genetic analyzes have been performed on the same set of DNA markers (18 so-called microsatellites) previously used for studies of Baltic salmon.
Restoration important for the survival of salmon stocks
The results also show that the genetic variation between the salmon generally increases with increasing area of growth areas for young salmon.
- The larger the habitat, the greater the genetic variation in a population and it is important for the populations that can thus have a greater opportunity to adapt to environmental changes., such as a warmer climate. Should the population only consist of individuals with one and the same gene set, there is no flexibility, and no different gene variants that may be better adapted to the climate of the future or other changes in nature, says Linda Söderberg.
According to the researchers, this shows how important it is to restore existing habitats where salmon spawn and to give them access to even larger breeding areas by building fishing roads.. Calculations made show that the area of growth areas for Atlantic salmon in the watercourses along the west coast has increased by 15 % mellan 1999 and 2015 and that water quality has been improved by liming.
Despite all the good fisheries conservation efforts, there is still a restoration deficit. Due to a warmer climate and increased competition with other species, Atlantic salmon have a reduced survival out at sea. As a result, the number of young salmon born per hectare of rearing area has decreased, so today the total amount of migrating salmon juveniles is lower than 1999.
-To ensure the genetic variation and resilience of Atlantic salmon to environmental changes, we must continue the work of restoring and making habitats available. It is particularly important that we continue to remove unnecessary migration barriers in watercourses so that salmon can reach their old rearing areas., which have often been made inaccessible due to hydropower extraction. At the same time, of course, fishing must be adapted and reduced, something that has happened both through regulations from authorities and through voluntary measures, says Linda Söderberg.
Large fish grow worse in warmer climates
News
Studies on wild fish populations have shown that small fish grow faster but that large fish grow worse at higher water temperatures. But how can its differences in growth and other effects of warming affect the fish societies of the future? Max Lindmark at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences has analyzed experimental data and developed mathematical models and shows in his dissertation that climate change can have major effects on the size composition of a fish community and that warming increases the risk of predatory fish stocks collapsing.
The metabolism of fish and other warm-blooded animals increases the larger the animal and the warmer the environment. Climate warming will therefore increase a fish's need for food, which in turn can affect how they grow, and by extension also the interplay between species.
– Several studies on wild fish populations have shown that body growth increases in small or young individuals, but decreases or remains unchanged in older or larger individuals as it gets warmer. But it is important that we realize that there are limitations in field data. For example, some fish populations may have been exposed to severe fishing pressure for decades, which may also affect growth patterns., says Max Lindmark, who has a doctorate from the Department of Aquatic Resources (SLU Aqua) at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
To understand how warming affects growth patterns in individuals, and by extension size structure and dynamics in populations and food tissues, Max Lindmark has compiled and analyzed data from experiments where metabolism and food intake were measured at different temperatures in different large fish. Metabolism increases with both temperature and the size of the individual. So does food intake, but only to a certain temperature. Thereafter, food intake decreases the warmer it gets. In addition, if food intake does not increase as fast as the metabolism as fish grow in size, so the optimal temperature for growth should also be lower in larger individuals according to simple growth models.
– Through my analyzes of available independent experiments, I was able to show that both the conditions and the prediction were correct. These results show that when it gets too hot for a species, then it is the larger fish that are affected first and stop growing, even when they get enough food. Whether this will then lead to fish not growing as large in warmer climates remains to be seen, because it also depends on the temperature the fish live in relative to their optimum temperature for growth, and how the food supply changes, says Max Lindmark.
In the analyzed studies, the fish always received enough food, but that situation seldom applies in nature. So an important question is how climate change affects natural populations and food webs, and if different individuals are affected differently by warming. According to Max Lindmark, this is a complex issue because there are so many covariating variables and feedback mechanisms in a food web. To study this, Max Lindmark has developed mathematical models of species interaction in different environments and different temperatures.
Results from the modeling studies in the dissertation show that size composition in food tissues can change a lot even with small temperature changes. In addition, warming increases the risk of top predators collapsing, if they specialize in prey of a certain size that becomes more unusual in warmer climates.
– A better understanding of how body growth and size composition changes in warmer climates is important both from a general ecological perspective and to understanding how we should fish in a sustainable way in the future.. Despite faster body growth in small individuals, we may not be able to expect equally large catches in warmer climates as the populations may consist of small fish to a greater extent than today.
Link to the dissertation: Temperature- and body size scaling: effects on individuals, populations and food webs.
So feel seafood in Swedish waters -positive development of shrimp and bream but worse for pike and lobster
News
The status of cod in the Kattegat and the Eastern Baltic and halibut in the North Sea is so bad that the species should not be fished at all. The trend is more positive for mackerel, long and shrimp. It shows SLU:annual overview "Fish- and shellfish in Swedish seas and freshwater ", made on behalf of the Sea- and Water Authority.
The report drawn up by the Department of Aquatic Resources (SLU Aqua) at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and describes the trends for the commercially most interesting stocks of fish and shellfish in the sea and the four Great Lakes: Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren and Hjälmaren. This year described 50 species distributed in hundreds of different stocks or areas.
The report also presents SLU:s and ICES, ICES, biological advice for the management of stocks and how much can be fished. In ICES advisory work involved 50 researchers from SLU Aqua.
- shrimp in the North Sea, mackerel in the North Sea bream in several large lakes had a positive population development and where we believe that fishing can be increased. It is also gratifying that vendace in Vättern and Mälaren started to recover so that they could get a slightly higher fishing pressure, sawyer Eddie From Wachenfeldt, that is environmental specialist at the Department of aquatic resources and the scientific editor of the report.
Far worse is the situation of cod in the eastern Baltic Sea and Kattegat where ICES advises that cod fishing should be stopped completely 2020. Even for cod in the western Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak and the North Sea, ICES would see greatly reduced quotas, with 43-54 respektive 51 procent.
-Torsken feel bad, and it shows in both the reduced growth and high natural mortality. In the eastern Baltic Sea, are linked to changes in the ecosystem where the poor oxygen conditions, poor access to prey and parasite infections affect, but it is not entirely clear how everything interacts, sawyer Eddie From Wachenfeldt.
Although the catches of other marine species such as saithe, havskräfta, kummel, plaice and flounder should be reduced in North Sea.
As for walleye and pike, which among other things is a popular species for recreational fishing along the coast, so the experts at SLU that the catches of both species should be reduced in the Baltic. Catches of perch and pike should not increase in the Great Lakes.
-When it comes to species such as pike, walleye and perch are recreational fishing outlet significantly greater than commercial fishing, and is becoming increasingly important for fish stocks. But we would need more data to better evaluate stocks trends from year to year, sawyer Eddie From Wachenfeldt.
The report is based on data collected from professional- och fritidsfisket, as well as the comprehensive monitoring of stocks and analysis of national and international researchers.
The fish and seafood in the review are important indicators of how the environment is doing and part of the aquatic ecosystem. A good management need to have a holistic approach and a part of the report describes the ecosystem-based fisheries management and the ecosystem services that our oceans, lakes and water supplies.
-A follow-up in stocks and scientifically based advice needed to get to a sustainable management. The report also gives a little wider knowledge of different constituents development, about what affects the status of stocks and how this in turn affects other species, habitats and ecosystem services. This is important for the implementation of ekossystemansatsen aimed at achieving an ecological, social and economic sustainability in fisheries management, säger Fredrik Ljunghager, utredare på Havs- and Water Authority, HaV.
From here you can download the report: Fisk- and shellfish in sea and fresh water – resource overview 2019
Now you can buy a fishing license for Gällivare
News
Now open the County Board re-sale of the so-called Gällivare card. It applies to fishing on the state of water above the cultivation in Gällivare. The information material supplied with the Fishing is now updated with regard to the changes prompted by the Supreme Court in Girjasmålet.
Supreme Court decision in Girjasmålet means that the provincial government no longer has the right to grant fishing on the part of the municipality of Gällivare consisting of Girjas sameby. Since the Supreme Court decision has immediate effect stopped the provincial government immediately all sales of the so-called Gällivare card which until then also included Girjas sameby above the cultivation.
– We stopped sales because our information did not meet with the area that we must grant, says David Bell, officer at the County Administration. – Now, we have adjusted the information so that it is clear which area of Gällivare card is valid for, emphasizes David Bell.
Girjas Sami village has announced that it permits the loosely seasonal permits for small-game hunting to continue to hunt as those in the rest of the hunting season. Regarding the permits have Girjas sameby announced that it does not allow fishing on already purchased season tickets. For those who already bought season tickets for Gällivare area and intend to fish in the area will Girjas County Board therefore pay back the fishing license fee if desired. Repayment will be made until the end of February.
– Whoever wants it back fishing license fee should contact the dealer where you bought the Fishing. However, the card is purchased via the Internet so you should contact the County Administrative Board, explains David Bell.
The outcome of Girjasmålet are also due to the quoted water Tertojokk and parts including Kaitum- and Kalix rivers no longer part of the county administrative leases.
Information about the current boundaries The county fishing license attachments for Gällivare- and Kiruna. This information is also available on the county website.
Hunting and fishing in the Sami village Girjas
News
UPDATED // After a request from Girjas Sami villages the County Administrative Board of Norrbotten now reactivated Girjas hunting area in NatureIT. Thus, existing holders of this year's county- and local state, applying through No. 30 June 2020, activate hunting days under the same conditions and with the same restrictions as before. According Girjas Sami village will not be possible to buy single day hunting permits in Girjas Area.
The 23 January the Supreme Court to Girjas Sami village - not the state - have the right to grant small game hunting and fishing in the Sami village village area above the cultivation. The judgment entered into force with immediate effect and the County Board therefore took away the ability to authorize hunting or fishing in the area.
- The Administrative Board which will continue to handle, administers and grants small game hunting and fishing on state land above the cultivation, with the exception of the area Girjas sameby. The rules are the same as before for the rest of the county and we have no reason to change these. County Board no idea if or when any other Sami villages will be granted the same right as Girjas received on account of the Supreme Court judgment, or how this issue will be handled, says Johan County Director Antti.
Updated on 29 januari
Project To restore Torneälven
News
Border river Torne River is of great significance for both commercial fishing and recreational fishing in northern Sweden and the entire Baltic Sea. Along with Finland wants the County Administrative Board of Norrbotten implement an action projects in the Torne River tributaries.
Hittills har 110 mil streams inventoried on the Swedish side of TRIWA III project ended 2014. But now hope action project TRIWA LIFE resume restoration of the river's tributaries and associated wetlands.
Torne River basin is shared by Finland and Sweden and is defined by the EU as an international river basin in accordance with EU:Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). The Directive aims to prevent the deterioration of the aquatic environment and to address the impact on aquatic.
The restoration would mean better conditions for all life in the border river and increase the production of fish and other aquatic organisms.
The wetlands would be better able to absorb rainfall and melting. As well as providing a higher resistance to flooding and binding a large amount of carbon dioxide.
Under 2019 sent a request for cooperation to the Finnish soil- and Forestry Ministry of the Environment.
It is essential to get the Finnish side of the project. Unless Finland agree that we can not carry out the project, säger Magnus Johansson, Project for ReArc.
The project is expected to have a budget of about 140 million and can be ice-free periods employ about 50 personer.
-In the project, the aim is to enhance the conservation status of the international district in cooperation with the two neighboring countries, Finland and Sweden. The idea is to implement the proposed measures that are developed in an earlier project Intrereg, TRIWA III, säger Magnus Johansson.
- Share knowledge and experience between participating countries and parties
- Broaden and deepen cooperation between the authorities and research institutes in several countries
- To create favorable conditions for aquatic organisms (including salmon, utter. mussels, gröntrollslända and trout)
- Contribute to environmental quality standards for surface water is achieved as well as the environmental objective Flourishing lakes and streams
- Performing actions under current action
After the project is increased opportunity for sport fishing in the river and commercial fishing in the ocean by the biological production in the river rises.